This veterinary disclaimer explains an important point: the content on Paws Refined is general information about dog and cat care. It is not veterinary advice, diagnosis or treatment, and it should never replace a visit to a qualified veterinarian.
What our veterinary disclaimer means
We work hard to make our guides accurate and up to date, using trusted sources like the Merck Veterinary Manual. But every pet is different. Age, breed, weight, medical history and medications all change what is safe and right for your animal. Only a vet who has examined your pet can give advice for them specifically.
Always contact a vet if your pet
- Has trouble breathing, collapses or has a seizure
- May have eaten something toxic
- Is bleeding heavily or has been injured
- Is vomiting or has diarrhea repeatedly, or shows blood
- Is straining to urinate, especially male cats
- Seems to be in pain or is suddenly behaving very differently
In an emergency
Call your vet or nearest emergency animal hospital straight away. For a suspected poisoning in the US, you can also call the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435 or the Pet Poison Helpline at (855) 764-7661 (fees may apply). Do not wait to read articles online first.
No vet-client relationship
Reading this site, commenting or contacting us does not create a veterinarian-client-patient relationship. We cannot answer questions about individual pets’ symptoms by email or form.
Accuracy and liability
While we aim for accuracy, veterinary knowledge changes and mistakes can happen. Paws Refined is not responsible for decisions made based on our content. If you notice something that looks wrong, please let us know through our contact page. Our editorial policy explains how we check and correct articles.
External links
We link to outside resources we consider trustworthy, but we do not control their content. Please see our terms of use for more.